LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS
Liquid dosage forms are essential pharmaceutical products which involves a mixture of active drug components and nondrug components (excipients).
1- ORAL SOLUTION
> Oral solutions are clear Liquid preparations for oral use containing one or more active ingredients dissolved in a suitable vehicle.
2- ORAL EMULSION
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3-ORAL SUSPENSIONm
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> Biphasic liquid preparations for oral use containing one or more active ingredients suspended in a suitable vehicle. It sediment which is readily dispersed on shaking to give a uniform suspension which remains sufficiently stable to enable the correct dose to be delivered
4-SYRUP
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It is a concentrated aqueous solution of a sugar, usually sucrose to which medicaments are added.
Flavored syrups are a convenient form of masking disagreeable taste.
5- ELIXIR
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It is pleasantly flavored clear liquid oral preparation of potent or nauseous drugs. The vehicle may contain a high proportion of ethanol or sucrose together with antimicrobial preservatives which confers the stability of the preparation.
6 - MOUTHWASHES
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- These are similar to gargles but are used for oral hygiene and to treat infections of the mouth.
7- LINCTUSES
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- It is viscous, liquid oral preparations that are usually prescribed for the relief of cough. It contain high proportion of syrup and glycerol which have a demulcent effect on the membranes of the throat.
The dose volume is small (5ml) and, to prolong the demulcent action, they should be taken undiluted.
8- ORAL DROPS
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Oral drops are liquid preparations for oral use that are intended to be
administered in small volumes with the aid of a suitable measuring device.
They may be solutions, suspensions or emulsions.
9- GARGLES
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They are prepared in a concentrated solution with directions for the patient to dilute with warm water before use.
They are aqueous solutions used in the prevention or treatment of throat infections.
10- LOTIONS
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11 - NASAL DROPS & SPRAYS
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- Drugs in aqueous solution may be instilled into the nose from a dropper or from a plastic squeeze bottle.
Used for local effect,
e.g. antihistamine, decongestant.
12- COLLODION
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Collodion is a solution of nitro cellulose in ether or acetone, some times with the addition of alcohols.
As the solvent evaporates, it dries to a celluloid-like film.
- It is highly flammable.
Compound Wart Remover consists of acetic acid and salicylic acid in an
acetone collodion base used in treatment of warts by Keratolysis.
13 - PAINTS
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Paints are mono-phasic liquids for application to the skin or mucous membranes. Skin paints contain volatile solvent that evaporates quickly to leave a dry resinous
film of medicament.
Throat paints are more viscous due to a high content of glycerol that designed to prolong contact of the medicament with the affected site.
◇PARENTERAL DOSAGE FORMS
An injection is an infusion method of putting liquid in to the body, usually with a hollow needle and a syringe which is pierced through the skin.
Intravenous Injection
•It is a liquid administered directly into the bloodstream via a vein.
• It is advantages when a rapid onset of action is needed.
Intramuscular Injection
• Intramuscular injections are often given in the deltoid, vastus lateralis, ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal muscles.
Subcutaneous Injection
• It is injecting into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis.
• It is highly effective in administering vaccines and insulin.
In these notes we've covered liquid dosage form and previous notes we've covered dosage form and solid dosage form in very easy and efficient way. Do read it once as it's the most important topic, so in next notes we'll cover semi-solid dosage form. I hope you enjoyed reading. Thank you 😊
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