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TYPES OF SEMI-SOLID DOSAGE FORMS 🧪




Semisolid dosage forms are the topical dosage form used for the therapeutic, protective or cosmetic functions. It may be applied to the skin, nasal, vaginal, or rectal cavity.

1- OINTMENTS
- Ointments are semi-solid, greasy preparations for application to the skin, rectum or nasal mucosa
-Base is usually anhydrous and immiscible with skin secretions.
-Ointments may be used as emollients or dissolved medicaments to the skin.

2- GELS 
-In gel a liquid phase is constrained with in a 3-D polymeric matrix (consisting of natural or synthetic gum) having a high degree of physical or chemical cross linking


3-CREAMS

● Oil-in-water (O/W) 

. It composed of small droplets of oil dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase.
• Less greasy and more easily washed off using water.

● Water-in-oil (W/O) 

• It composed of small droplets of water dispersed in a continuous Oily phase.
• More difficult to handle butused for hydrophobic drug preparation.
• Reduces water loss from the stratum corneum maintain moisture of skin.


4-PASTES 
-Pastes are basically ointments into which a high percentage of insoluble solid has been added.
-The extra ordinary amount of particulate matter stiffens the system.
-It provide less heating and penetration than ointment.
-It make good protective barrier when placed on the skin, the solid they contain can absorb and thereby neutralize certain noxious chemicals before they ever reach the skin.

Greasy Pastes -> Leaser's paste
Non-greasy Paste -> Bassorin paste

INHALED DOSAGE FORMS

1- INHALER 
-Inhalers are solutions, suspensions or emulsion of drugs in a mixture of inert propellants. Release of a dose of the medicament under pressure in an aerosol dispenser in the form of droplets of 50 um diameter or less from the container through a spring loaded valve incorporating a metering device.
-It is commonly used in the treatment of asthma and other respiratory problems.

2- NEBULIZER OR ATOMIZER 

-It is commonly used in treating asthma, and other respiratory diseases.
-It is a device used to administer medication in forms of a liquid mist to the air ways. It pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a vapor, which is then inhaled by the patient.
-Generally prefer to inhalers for patients, due to advantages such as:
1- Cheaper
2- More portable
3- Less risk of side effects.
For that reason, are usually reserved only for serious cases of respiratory disease or severe attacks.


RECTAL & VAGINAL DOSAGE FORMS

Evacuant Enema
• Used as a bowel stimulant to treat
constipation
• Their volume up to 2 liters.
• Warmed to body temperature. • Example - soft soap enema & Magnesium sulphate enema.

Retention Enema
Credit:- healthgrades.com

• Their volume does not exceed 100 ml.
• No warming needed.
• Example - barium enema & nutrient enema.

3- PESSARY
Credit:- indianmart.com

> Pessaries are solid medicated preparations designed for insertion into the vagina where they melt or dissolve.

●Moulded Pessaries
• Cone shape and prepared by molded method.

●Compressed Pessaries 
•Prepare by compression as similar manner to oral tablets.
• Available in different shapes.

●Vaginal Capsules 

• Prepare same as soft gelatin capsules and various size and shape.



Hope you enjoyed reading 🤗🤗
In these notes we learned about SEMI-SOLID dosage form and it's types. And in previous notes we learned about 13 most important liquid dosage forms do check it out. If you have any doubt or any feedback please do put it in the comment section. Thank you all!♥️



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