DOSAGES FORM & 11 most important SOLID DOSAGE FORM💊

 • Dosage form:- The means by which drug molecules are delivered to sites of

action within the body. 

(Dosageform= API+Exipients)

•Drug (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient i.e. API):- The API is the part of any drug that produces its effects.

•Excipients:- Excipients are inert ingredients & generally have no pharmacological effects.

Eg:- binding material, dyes, preservative, coloring and flavoring agents, etc.

•NEED OF DOSAGE FORMS:-

1. Provide safe and convenient delivery of accurate dosage.
Example - Tablets, capsules, syrups. 2. Protection of a drug substances from atmospheric oxygen moisture. Example - Coated capsules, sealed ampules.
3. Protection of a drug substances from gastric acid after oral administration.
Example - Enteric coated tablets Conceal bitter taste, or odor of a drug, Capsules, coated tablets, flavored syrups.
4. Provide liquid preparation of drug that insoluble or unstable in the desired vehicle.
Example - Suspension
5. Provide liquid dosage forms of substances soluble in desired vehicle.
Example - Solution.
6. Provide optional drug action from topical administration sites. Example - Ointment, cream, ear and nasal preparations.
7. Provide for insertion of a drug into one of the body's orifices. Example - Rectal and vaginal suppositories.
8. Provide extended drug action through controlled release mechanisms.
Example - Controlled release tablets, capsules, suspensions.
9. Provide for the placement of drugs within body tissues.
Example - Implants.
10. Provide for the optimal drug action through inhalation therapy. Example - Inhalants.

■ SOLID DOSAGE FORMS

1 - TABLET

A tablet is unit dose of one or more medicament. Prepare by compression or mould method.
Common excipients used in tablet are:-
• Diluents- Provide bulkiness of tablet.
• Disintegrants- To ensure that the tablet breaks up in the digestive tract.
•Binder - Important for granulation of powder.
•Glidants and Lubricants - Provide good flow and ensure efficient tabletting.
•Sweeteners and Flavors - To mask the taste of API.
•Pigments - Tomask uncoated tablets visually attractive.
•A coating may be applied to mask uste, smooth tablet for easy swallow, expending shelf life, and prevent gastric degradation of drug

2 - BUCCAL AND SUBLINGUALTABLET

>Buccal tablets are placed between the gum and the cheek.
>Sublingual tablets placing under the

tongue.
>Medicaments of both systems rapidly dissolve in mouth and absorbed through the mucos membrane of mouth.
>Drug reaches in systemic circulation without affecting by gastric juices and metabolizing enzymes of the liver.
Examples - Vasodilators, Steroidal hormones.

3- EFFERVESCENT TABLET

> Effervescent tablets are encouted and generally contain acid substances titre and tartaric acids and carbonates or bicarbonates which react rapidly in presence of water and release carbon dioxide.
> They are intended to be dissolved or dispersed in water before use, it provide:
~Tablet immediately dissolve or dispersed.
~Pleasant taste of carbonate drink.

4- CHEWABLE TABLET

> They are tablets that chewed prior to swallowing.
>They are designed for administration to children.
Example:-vitamin products.

5- CAPSULES

>Solid unit dosage form that contain a solid, semi-solid, and liquid fill and a gelatin shell.

>Common excipients used in capsules are:-
~Gelatin - Commonly used as gelling agent.
~Plasticizers - To ensure elasticity or mechanical stability.
~Additional Additives - Preservative, coloring and opacifying agents.
>They are mainly two types are :
~Hard gelatin capsules used for dry powder ingredients.
~Soft gelatin capsules used for semi-solid and for active ingredients that are dissolved or suspended in oil.

6 - LOZENGE

>It is a solid preparation that used to medicate the mouth and throat for the slow administration of indigestion or cough remedies
>It consisting of sugar and gum, the latter giving strength and cohesiveness to the lozenge and facilitating slow release of the medicament.

7- PASTILLES

>It is a solid medicated pill or candy preparation that design to dissolve slowly in the mouth.
> They are softer than lozenge and their base are glycerol, gelatin, acacia and sugar.

8 - DENTAL CONES

>A tablet from intended to be placed in the empty socket following a tooth extraction, for preventing the local multiplication of pathogenic bacteria associated with tooth
extractions.
>These tablets contain an excipients like - lactose, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium chloride etc.
>Cones may contain an antibiotic or antiseptic.

9 - PILLS

> It is a solid oral dosage form which consists of spherical masses prepared from one or more APIs with inertexcipients.

> Pills are now rarely used.

10 - Oral Granules 

> They are consisting of solid. dry aggregates of powder particles with irregular shape often supplied in single-dose sachets.
>Some granules are placed under the tongue and swallowed with water and other are intended to be dissolved in water before taking >Effervescent granules evolve carbon dioxide when added to water.

11 - ORAL POWDER 

>Bulk Powders are multi dose preparations consisting of solid. loose, dry particles of varying degrees of fineness.
> Contain one or more active ingredients, with or without excipients and, if necessary coloring matter and flavoring substances.
>Usually contain non-potent medicaments such as antacids since the patient measures a dose by volume using a 5 ml medicine spoon.

In this notes we have covered- Need of dosage form and solid dosage forms. In next notes we'll cover liquid dosage form, and do checkout pharmaceutics previous notes.

Hope you enjoyed reading, as this is important topic so do read it twice.

 Thank you. 😊

CHEATSHEET 2